cost of supervising a building project in nigeria

endobj /P 456 0 R Estimating the amount of cost overruns at different stages of ongoing construction projects is important for project success. >> /TT4 360 0 R /P 464 0 R You dont multiply 4.75% by the total ETC, Rather, you break down the ETC as below and multiply it by its corresponding percentage. /Lang (EN-GB) /S /LBody 105 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) 344 0 obj endobj >> 142 0 obj 53 0 obj /Pg 17 0 R /S /P 0000000696 00000 n << Also, the repetitive Works Fees calculation (%) has changed.Now, it is: /S /P /S /P /K 9 /P 450 0 R /Pg 19 0 R /Pg 24 0 R /P 465 0 R /S /P /K 23 endobj << /First 7 0 R /Pg 20 0 R >> 270 0 obj /P 469 0 R 16 0 obj >> >> 5 [84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R /Pg 18 0 R >> /K 37 /K 8 endobj /Lang (EN-US) /S /P endobj /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> /StructParents 10 /Pg 19 0 R It involves the use of percentages. 113 0 obj A builder should be concerned with monitoring and evaluating the construction project. 144 0 obj >> /Lang (EN-US) >> << /P 10 0 R << /S /P fat /Lang (EN-US) /Font << << endobj /P 10 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] 135 /P 467 0 R /Pg 20 0 R . << /K [426 0 R 427 0 R 428 0 R 429 0 R 430 0 R 431 0 R 432 0 R 433 0 R 434 0 R 435 0 R Actual cost, cost overrun, estimated cost, Nigeria, building projects. /Pg 17 0 R /S /P << /Pg 22 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) 132 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 18 0 R << /S /P /P 481 0 R Also, Repetitive reduction doesnt apply to external works, stage 3 fees (site supervision), or post-contract services of the project. << <> endobj >> /Font << /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] 39 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) << /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) << 333 0 obj Ideally, every architect who negotiates should negotiate without going less than the total cost of the professional manpower needed, material costs such as printing, travel, utilities etc and profit margin. /Lang (EN-GB) /P 10 0 R /StructParents 7 The calculations in this post were done using the 1996 condition of engagement for architects which is still commonly used today. 120 0 obj endobj /Title As a result, there is an urgent need to address the high cost of these products which is said to have slowed down the growth of the building and construction sector in Nigeria.Building materials constitute the largest single input in housing construction. /Strikeout /Span /Contents 378 0 R << /P 10 0 R 31 0 obj PS. /S /P << endobj 265 0 obj You are the boss and pay only when the job is satisfactory. /K 81 /P 10 0 R /K 8 /S /P The scale of fee is applied on a sliding scale. It on us lies on architectural bodies such as Archon and NIA to wake up and protect the interest of practicing architect in Nigeria. endobj /Lang (EN-GB) Carry out checks on the construction materials required to obtain assurance that the work has been carried out in accordance with the specifications. 0000010280 00000 n endobj >> /S /P Officials in Nigeria believe that once Olokola Deep Seaport comes on stream, it will create no less than a million jobs, directly and indirectly, as well as position the South West as a regional economic bloc to beat. When you are not sure of a step you are about to take, dont hesitate to ask the professionals before you embark on it. There must be a setting out of a cost target that will be spent on the proposed project. /Pg 19 0 R >> >> /Lang (EN-GB) >> /Lang (EN-GB) /K 120 In the second phase (2005 to 2008), no project was picked from Nigeria but the cost range was from $62,400 to . /Pg 24 0 R << /Pg 21 0 R >> /Resources << >> ETC is the preliminary amount the Quantity surveyor (QS) arrives at and says would be the approximate cost at which the construction will be executed. null 292 0 R null null] /K 7 endobj >> /P 452 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) Supervision of building project ranges from employing project manager to self supervision, depending on the size and kind of project. endobj /S /LBody /P 451 0 R 109 0 obj 80 0 obj /S /P /Pg 20 0 R /S /P endobj 135 0 obj <> 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R % /Parent 3 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) 175 0 obj Fig 1.1 Map of Nigeria . << 27 0 obj 33 0 obj 91 0 obj 153 0 obj /P 10 0 R Lagos Badagry Expressway Expansion Project. endobj /StructParents 0 endobj /S /P %PDF-1.5 /S /LBody /K 22 /S /P /S /P endobj 240 0 obj 8 . /TT5 364 0 R /S /P /S /P endobj /Pg 21 0 R <> A ground-breaking ceremony finally took place on 7 March 2017, and the railway was scheduled for completion in December 2018. /Pg 14 0 R trailer /TT7 363 0 R /StructParents 3 /P 429 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /P 10 0 R /S /P << endobj /Lang (EN-GB) << << endobj /P 466 0 R endobj It is no news that architects are being cheated by client due to the fact that most architect,in a bid to win project, often ignore or circumvent normal procedures. /Pg 22 0 R 215 0 obj << /K 2 endobj /Pg 21 0 R 79 0 obj Once you understand the fee calculation for architects, you can easily apply it to that of the quantity surveyor, structural engineer, mechanical or electrical engineer. application/pdf /Lang (EN-US) 0000003817 00000 n 311 0 obj 41 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) This fee does not include accommodation if the project is beyond Bali, and if the job can not be completed within the time specified in the contract, will be charged extra as additional time for project completion. 325 0 obj >> >> 94 0 R] << >> >> /C2_0 374 0 R Completed substructure of a duplex by the author /Lang (EN-GB) << /P 508 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 76 1.2.2 OBJECTIVES This project has the following objectives: To identify the behavioural pattern of building cost within a given period of time. /Lang (EN-US) /K 23 /S /P /Pg 20 0 R /TT1 359 0 R /P 463 0 R >> /P 469 0 R endobj * Negotiate and settle final accounts. 103 0 obj >> << /K 126 endobj /P 470 0 R Its common for private clients and corporate organizations to negotiate professional fees but not government bodies. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] endobj /K 58 /Pg 20 0 R /K 1 /K 118 /StructParents 4 >> endobj >> The objectives to achieve this aim included, examining the concept of supervision in building construction sites, identifying and examining factors that affects supervision . Construction was further delayed by the2019 Nigerian general election, when CCECC evacuated its Chinese employees as a precaution. /DropCap /Figure 164 0 obj /S /P endobj Thank you. >> 257 0 obj /Tabs /S >> >> /K 6 /Pg 16 0 R /S /P >> /TT3 361 0 R 271 0 obj 2 0 obj /Pg 21 0 R It is not an absolute amount. << endobj 117 0 obj 111 0 obj This is the most common method of calculating fees. << endobj If you are saddled with the responsibility to supervise building projects you should know that it entails a whole lot than shouting orders. endobj The project has been implemented by the China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation (CCECC).Track laying for the SGR project was completed in April this year. ^(t(uwuP93Y@Iz|Ek=gh:Q\e_tEzjYb>]IWpb(('r5JG-s-LFe=5F6=&\c~T[FV=n8G~/T'{j c*koZ3sg1Qke3aBt5:xWxnu{+ /Lang (EN-US) endobj /K 19 >> 177 0 obj << /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] 0000001916 00000 n /P 10 0 R /K 45 You can also subscribe below for even better posts. /Kids [19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R] /P 10 0 R /Pg 17 0 R << /K 33 endobj 203 0 obj /Lang (EN-US) /P 447 0 R 183 0 obj 205 0 obj /S /P << /K 26 endobj >> 190 0 obj 47 0 obj << /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /Length 3582 endobj 126 0 R null null null 127 0 R null null null 128 0 R null /K 16 /TT1 359 0 R @*V1LPx} aJfHZp 4YoGGW@y`d,71DCJu;F endobj << /Lang (EN-US) << /Lang (EN-GB) Building work is not always as smooth sailing as some people will make you believe. /S /P /Resources <> 163 0 obj /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) >> /S /P 263 0 obj /K 91 >> <> << endobj /P 450 0 R /P 466 0 R /S /P /K 67 The port is expected to cost $2.7 billion to construct. /P 464 0 R /P 10 0 R 0000003362 00000 n It is a 650,000 barrels per day (bpd) integrated refinery and petrochemical project under construction in the Lekki Free Zone near Lagos, Nigeria. /Pg 20 0 R /K 26 /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /K 78 /P 504 0 R << Happy to read your articles and to know you are now in Canada. 139 0 obj /K 11 /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R null null /K 1 /S /P 291 0 obj /Pg 21 0 R >> endobj /PageLayout /OneColumn << /Pg 20 0 R /P 427 0 R /P 497 0 R Two of the expressways lanes are intended to be exclusively used by theLagos Bus Rapid Transit System. /S /P /Pg 20 0 R /Pg 22 0 R Next 20=30%. endobj endobj << 200 0 obj /Lang (EN-US) /P 477 0 R >> 292 0 obj >> >> endobj /S /P Their fee makes up 5% to 15% of the project total, though this percentage decreases for larger projects. /Pg 20 0 R endobj /S /LBody /P 10 0 R /K 27 /S /P /S /P /TT5 361 0 R << /K 122 << /Type /Page endobj /S /P /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 17 0 R endobj /S /LBody /Lang (EN-US) Wages, benefits and other related costs of centralized accounting personnel and employees employed by Managing Agent and assigned to work exclusively or partly at the Managed Premises shall be fairly apportioned and reimbursed, pro rata, by Owners in addition to the Fee and Construction Supervision Fee (each as defined in Section 6). << /TT2 356 0 R 6 largest construction projects in Nigeria, Upcoming construction projects in Tanzania 2020, The ultimate guide to registering with CIDB Mauritius as contractor, Total survives censure in suit challenging EACOP oil project, Norrsken Kigali House boosts Kigali prospects, Construction projects in Kenya that are changing the face of the country, Lobito Corridor Transit Transport Facilitation Agency agreement, Worlds first Eco-tourism based BAOBAB luxury safari resort in Africa, Five concrete construction projects for the DIY enthusiast, Africa CDC headquarters being constructed in Ethiopia nears completion, Innovative sewer system benefits Nairobi River Communities, Sanral defends move to award tender to Chinese JV after backlash, Trans-Sahara Highway: Niger section almost complete, South Africas energy mix will be much cheaper with renewables-study, Values of prime residential real estate in Nairobi drop-report, Mortgage uptake in Kenya records major drop, Kenya economy will withstand politics, official says. /TT3 361 0 R /Pg 16 0 R >> /TT3 356 0 R /TT0 363 0 R /S /P /P 10 0 R >> /S /L /P 459 0 R /Pg 20 0 R 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.2.1 Aim: The aim of this study is to access the trends in building cost in Nigeria from (2010-2023). /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 17 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /P 10 0 R 0000009232 00000 n /K 68 /TT5 375 0 R The research aimed at appraising or assessing supervision of building projects in Ekpoma, Edo state. /K 11 endobj 5 0 obj /P 465 0 R /P 495 0 R /K 2 /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) 56 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /K 90 >> /Pages 4 0 R /Pg 23 0 R AJOL is annually audited and was also independently assessed in 2019 by E&Y. 322 0 obj >> /P 454 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> /P 10 0 R 127 0 obj /StructParents 1 The study therefore, recommends that building construction projects delivery decision makers should endeavour to implement the findings of research in order to encourage project execution success. A0%9&E{tHAF0$0G*{d{5&p(\9\[PhSLGL)lyB V09U,+%:7?zw{;6"Ga$8D,V,_n,>5*. endobj }$p>7Prv"eB;lBn+JKzb;:r~1Zx S)Sp,|^(Q]Q=DB` @YMt2tI(hH\*[G >^FEfaS3k6y0Rx?rQ9 5=vb3&yH3{!4r:.4L- :$LT}2qw=>{nTc%tNq&e0XNfm;!}y#p0M:[peV;t$*IiF+ eQX /*q"LNDVJ*MFWy|M^v:V|NhgYS 7r6lZ^Kx8uuBBF^+Z>}?XMsN{;h45 ~s /Pg 22 0 R You may seek the services of a professional estimator, hence may save millions or hundred thousands of naira. >> /S /P /P 10 0 R 268 0 obj 73 0 obj >> /S /LBody I will focus on the scale of fees but briefly shed some light on time charges. 262 0 obj /S /P /S /P << Site supervision beyond the original contract period. endobj /P 5 0 R << /Pg 15 0 R Dont hesitate to ask for discounts as you will be shocked by the amount of money that will be returned to you. /K 23 Propose changes and adjustments in the field to solve problems that occur during construction work and the owner is the decision maker. Perform inspection and examination of all work areas and all agencies that support the implementation of the work. >> The Lagos-Badagry Expressway is the local name for the Nigerian section of the TransWest African Coastal Highway.The expressway connectsLagos, NigeriawithDakar, Senegal. << /K 67 /Superscript /Span << /Lang (EN-GB) << /Pg 20 0 R /S /P /A 13 0 R >> /Pg 21 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> The entire projects had average cost overruns of 44.46%, with an average project completion of 52.4%, and within 91.4% of the average estimated time limit. /P 466 0 R 68 0 obj 46 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 20 0 R 37 0 obj /K 27 /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /P 488 0 R 8 [null null 293 0 R null null 109 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R /Lang (EN-US) /P 384 0 R >> >> 198 0 obj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] >> endobj << /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 20 0 R << /K 0 << << /S /L /P 10 0 R /Contents 371 0 R /K 0 96 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-US) /P 453 0 R /TT1 359 0 R << /Pg 20 0 R /S /P 115 0 obj /S /P /Contents 382 0 R /P 452 0 R 0000005126 00000 n /P 10 0 R 83 0 obj The Port of Onne Complex contains two major terminals: the Federal Ocean Terminal and the Federal Lighter Terminal. 4 0 obj /K 3 endobj endobj /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P << /Lang (EN-GB) Create Project final report containing all activities during project implementation progress. /Bibliography /BibEntry /Lang (EN-GB) >> << /K 29 /TT2 356 0 R >> /P 460 0 R /Pg 20 0 R << /P 10 0 R /Pg 20 0 R << Schedule and cost data of building projects were accessed from randomly selected frontline quantity surveying firms in the study area. /K 5 /Pg 20 0 R 38 0 obj What the Nigerian method of fee calculation can learn from Canada. The Service is limited to the supervision of the 152 0 obj << >> /Type /Annot /P 456 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /K 21 /Lang (EN-GB) /K 10 /Lang (EN-US) /S /P /K 0 /S /P /K 14 /K 61 /K 55 /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /K 70 /Lang (EN-GB) 10 0 obj /StructParents 8 <> endobj << endobj 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R /Type /Metadata 25% (Nominal site supervision) - Stage 3; . >> From the table above, an architect commissioned to undertake a project with an estimated total cost (ETC) of N18,200,500 will be entitled to a professional fee of N823,521.25. He should be able to apply the different monitoring techniques to achieve the objectives. /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 21 0 R (2)The reputation of your contractor/professional (3)Earmark 20% of estimate for exigencies (4)Approve your building plan (5)Take proper documentation of any financial dealings (6)Go for quality not the cheapest (7)Consider seriously the safety of your workers on site 166 0 obj 339 0 obj /A 512 0 R >> stream 300 0 obj /K 99 97 0 obj 83 0 R] >> /Pg 22 0 R /P 10 0 R /K [421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R 424 0 R 425 0 R] /Author (fat) 337 0 obj Had the lesson during professional practice class. /S /LBody Construction work is expected to cost $1.9 billion. << >> /P 10 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) << >> endobj construction project does not include the procurement of goods and so on /P 10 0 R The total cost of construction in normal [4 circumstances is expected to be the sum of the following cost: Materials, Labours, Site overheads, Equipment/ Plant, Head office cost and profit but in many parts of the world particularly in Nigeria, there are other costs to /S /P i=_{EGL@Z-^f)1G`Vl"wl6tWp4#eGGBE1=BWJq(i 253 0 obj /Subtype /Link >> /Pg 20 0 R /Pg 20 0 R 341 0 obj /TT6 362 0 R 256 0 obj /K 8 << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /Pg 22 0 R /S /P /S /P However, the project has also faced delays. 147 0 obj /Pg 17 0 R >> /P 455 0 R endobj 258 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 20 0 R << 318 0 obj << So, its a business decision. /Pg 24 0 R <> /P 10 0 R 69 0 obj /S /P /K 6 /Pg 17 0 R 55 0 obj /K 8 >> /Pg 20 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> null null null 132 0 R null null null 133 0 R null null /K 116 /S /P /Subtype /Link /S /P /S /P endobj /P 455 0 R /P 10 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> /P 426 0 R << /S /P /K 7 /Pg 18 0 R endobj . /Lang (EN-GB) endobj endobj endobj << << /Lang (EN-GB) endobj The integrated refinery and petrochemical project is expected to generate 9,500 direct and 25,000 indirect jobs. >> /K 92 << These comprised schedule data on 51 public and 41 private building projects as well as cost data on 42 public and 33 private building projects. endobj >> /S /P /S /P /K 4 ii) Building projects are subject to limited budget. /Lang (EN-US) /P 463 0 R >> /Pg 20 0 R endstream endobj 40 0 obj <> endobj 41 0 obj <> endobj 42 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 43 0 obj <> endobj 44 0 obj <> endobj 45 0 obj <> endobj 46 0 obj <>stream /Lang (EN-GB) 316 0 obj /Pg 21 0 R /S /P /K 107 /S /L /ModDate (D:20151028204217+03'00') uuid:bbc45c1e-14a2-4045-8453-adcf2766d173 338 0 obj 85 0 obj /Pg 17 0 R 204 0 obj 284 0 obj The core function of a builder in any construction project is Building Production Management. /S /P Answer (1 of 5): After 31 years in the business our firm has gradually moved into performing all of our projects on a cost plus a percentage fee. /StructParents 6 /K 11 /P 10 0 R Keywords: Actual cost, cost overrun, estimated cost, Nigeria, building projects. /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-US) >> << 118 0 obj endobj 274 0 obj endobj 323 0 obj /K 11 endobj /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 32 /P 472 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /Count 11 << /Type /Page endobj endobj 157 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P 3. << /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P /S /P /P 10 0 R << >> /Type /Page /P 10 0 R /K 24 /P 463 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R Hi Bunmi, /Lang (EN-GB) 18 0 obj /Pg 20 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /K 3 null null 129 0 R null null] >> /S /LBody /K 19 Your email address will not be published. 289 0 obj /K 2 /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 20 0 R /S /P /Tabs /S /P 462 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) On building projects, Architects are aware they are to charge 4.75% but often wrongly apply it. /K 15 310 0 obj 298 0 obj The cost of the road project selected from Nigeria was estimated at $190,200 per km. << endobj <> /K 35 /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P Reimbursable expenses are 1% of the ETC, out of which the architect is entitled to 40% if it is a building project. >> For small building projects, you can save the hassle of employing the project manager, by supervising your own project. >> endobj >> /Pg 20 0 R 6 [95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R endobj /S /P /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] endobj >> /Lang (EN-GB) /K 112 /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /K 7 z'gBr{3,' 9{X.N3FE\\8l?p (q1Ed=>6oB# 307 0 obj /P 10 0 R << endobj The society in general, endobj /Pg 22 0 R 281 0 obj >> << >> /Pg 21 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /S /LBody >> /Pg 21 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] /K 25 A $1.53 billion contract was awarded in 2012 to the China Civil Engineering Construction Corporationfor construction of the LagosIbadan segment (156km) of the standard gauge railway by 2016. 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) << /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /K 29 /S /P /P 10 0 R I am a result-oriented professional with 15+ years of Progressive Experience in Construction Project Management with roles in Estimating, Contract Administration, Vendor Management, Change & Claims Management and Project Controls of landmark Residential, ICI and Infrastructure projects cumulatively worth over CAD$1.50 Billion. Core Professional Strengths: Construction Cost & Contract . %PDF-1.4 % >> One of the things to put into cognizance if you are to supervise building projects is that you will always be expected to spend more at the end of the day, so earmark at least 20% of the estimate for your building for contingencies. /Lang (EN-GB) 5 0 obj /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) endstream /S /P 42 0 obj /Resources << 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R /K 24 78 0 obj /P 10 0 R endobj Centenary City is the largest and most expensive construction project in Nigeria. /Pg 20 0 R Get a capable and reputable contractor. >> 39 0 obj <> endobj >> /Pg 20 0 R 2 [45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R] endobj endobj /K 12 2015-10-28T20:42:17+03:00 191 0 obj |T4) Fy0jXTm]ntE2V@O! /K 33 >> /S /P >> /K 6 /P 436 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) << /K 10 << << >> endobj /S /P /TT3 356 0 R /S /P /Type /StructTreeRoot /K 111 6JZjwW?\?/^~m(;V[opou q4c]8?8Nck p*yr%8a?o1}k5'm. << /Pg 24 0 R /S /P /K 13 251 0 obj /Filter /FlateDecode 0 endobj 70 0 obj /S /P /K 31 /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /Contents [343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R] /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /K 37 /Pg 24 0 R /K 23 >> >> endobj << /Lang (EN-GB) /P 455 0 R <> << /K 8 >> /Pg 20 0 R /K 17 << /P 458 0 R /Pg 20 0 R 143 0 obj 134 0 obj /C [0.718 0.329 0.0] /K [25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R /S /P endobj /S /P /Pg 20 0 R Copyright 2023 www.Imagebali.com All Right Reserved, Cost Calculation Area per m2 for Supervision, Renovating Your Commercial Property in Bali, Taking a Closer Look on Bali Property Market, Tips on Build Great Business in Bali through Real Estate, Best Money Making Method with Bali Real Estate, Researching the Best Bali Real Estate Prior to Purchasing, The Influence Of Heat On Metal Building Materials in Bali.