william randolph hearst daughter violet

Hearsts own lavish lifestyle insulated him from the troubled masses that he seemed to champion in his newspapers. During his visit, Prince Iesato and his delegation met with William Randolph Hearst with the hope of improving mutual understanding between the two nations. As the crisis deepened he let go of most of his household staff, sold his exotic animals to the Los Angeles Zoo and named a trustee to control his finances. Not especially popular with either readers or editors when it was first published, in the 21st century, it is considered a classic, a belief once held only by Hearst himself. Having been refused the right to sell another round of bonds to unsuspecting investors, the shaky empire tottered. Randolph Apperson Hearst, who has died aged 85, was the one of the five sons of William Randolph Hearst who looked after the business side of his family's vast American . First, he hated Mexicans. He was twice elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives. As editor, Hearst adopted a sensational brand of reporting later known as "yellow journalism," with sprawling banner headlines and hyperbolic stories, many based on speculation and half-truths. Senator, first appointed for a brief period in 1886 and was then elected later that year. The proposed bond sale failed to attract investors when Hearst's financial crisis became widely known. Everything he did was news By the 1930s, William Randolph Hearst controlled the largest media empire in the country: 28 newspapers, a movie studio, a syndicated wire service, radio stations,. In the early 1890s, Hearst began building a mansion on the hills overlooking Pleasanton, California, on land purchased by his father a decade earlier. Patricia Douras Van Cleve (June 8, 1919 [2] - October 3, 1993), known as Patricia Lake, was an American actress and radio comedian. Having established newspapers in several more cities, including Chicago, Boston and Los Angeles, he began his quest for the U.S. presidency, spending $2 million in the process. When it comes to heirs, it certainly pays to be the great-granddaughter of the late newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst and the inheritor of his massive magazine fortune. The couple had five sons: George Randolph Hearst, born on April 23, 1904; William Randolph Hearst Jr., born on January 27, 1908; John Randolph Hearst, born September 26, 1909; and twins Randolph Apperson Hearst and David Whitmire (n Elbert Willson) Hearst, born on December 2, 1915. At just 24 years old, Hearst turned around newspaper heads, such as Harvard's Lampoon magazine, and took control of the San Francisco Examiner in 1887. Two penthouses bracketing the Upper West Side between Central and Riverside Parks that the publisher William Randolph . William Randolph Hearst's Death. The Hearst Corporation continues to this day as a large, privately held media conglomerate based in New York City. "[17], The two papers finally declared a truce in late 1898, after both lost vast amounts of money covering the SpanishAmerican War. In the 1920s William Hearst developed an interest in acquiring additional land along the Central Coast of California that he could add to land he inherited from his father. Patricia spent much of her youth at the Ranch, the family name for the San Simeon castle that offered a private zoo, tennis courts, three chefs and the celebrated Neptune pool with 345,000 gallons of mountain spring water, warmed to 70 degrees. He is a recurring character in " Angel of Darkness " portrayed by Matt Letscher. Hearst's conservative politics, increasingly at odds with those of his readers, worsened matters for the once great Hearst media chain. From that point, Hearst was reduced to being an employee, subject to the directives of an outside manager. Kenneth Whyte says that most editors of the time "believed their papers should speak with one voice on political matters"; by contrast, in New York, Hearst "helped to usher in the multi-perspective approach we identify with the modern op-ed page". William Randolph Hearst (1860-1951) was one of the most influential forces in the history of American journalism. Parker. Jim Bartsch. [49] These had been supplied in 1933 by Welsh freelance journalist Gareth Jones,[50][51] and by the disillusioned American Communist Fred Beal. Hearst "stole" cartoonist Richard F. Outcault along with all of Pulitzer's Sunday staff. Hearst was interested in preserving the uncut, abundant redwood forest, and on November 18, 1921, he purchased the land from the tanning company for about $50,000. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Elon Musk. Patricia Campbell Hearst was born in the year 1954 in San Francisco, California. Circulation of his major publications declined in the mid-1930s, while rivals such as the New York Daily News were flourishing. Much of what happened afterward is a matter of debate. Hollywood of the 1920s once buzzed with rumors that a. 1 on AFI's 100 Years100 Movies: in 1998 and 2007. Historic California Posts: "Draft Fort Hunter Ligget Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment: Chapter 2 Cultural Resources", "Conservation Plan Camp Camp Pico Blanco", "Castlewood History Castlewood Country Club", "The Hearst Castle, San Simeon: The Diverse Collection of William Randolph Hearst", "Connecting the Dots: 10 Disastrous Consequences of the Drug War", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Guide to the William Randolph Hearst Papers, Hearstcastle.org: Hearst Castle at San Simeon, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Randolph_Hearst&oldid=1142772428, 19th-century American newspaper publishers (people), 20th-century American newspaper publishers (people), Businesspeople from New Rochelle, New York, Candidates in the 1904 United States presidential election, Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state), People from San Luis Obispo County, California, United States Independence Party politicians, Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state), Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The rivalry between Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer has been documented on, In "The Paper Dynasty" (1964) episode of the, In "The Odyssey", a 1979 episode of the television series, Bernhardt, Mark. Their stories on the Cuban rebellion and Spain's atrocities on the islandmany of which turned out to be untrue[24]were motivated primarily by Hearst's outrage at Spain's brutal policies on the island. They say she gave birth to a baby girl in a small Catholic hospital outside Paris. He paid the original grantee Jose de Jesus Pico USD$1 an acre, about twice the current market price. We also hope you share this with your friends! Leonard, Thomas C. "Hearst, William Randolph"; This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:20. You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war. Hearst probably lost several million dollars in his first three years as publisher of the Journal (figures are impossible to verify), but the paper began turning a profit after it ended its fight with the World. By the 1930s, He still refused to sell his beloved newspapers. He was embarrassed in early 1939 when Time magazine published a feature which revealed he was at risk of defaulting on his mortgage for San Simeon and losing it to his creditor and publishing rival, Harry Chandler. Hearst's mother, ne Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson, was also of Scots-Irish ancestry; her family came from Galway. His wife refused to divorce him to let him marry Davies, so he dove shamelessly into an extramarital affair. One day, Hearst summoned her to his San Simeon tower. He was hired by the Hearst Newspapers in 1936 as a police and city hall reporter for The New York. Lundberg described Hearst as "the weakest strong man and the strongest weak man in the world today a giant with feet of clay."[79]. While his paper supported the Democratic Party, he opposed the party's 1896 candidate for president, William Jennings Bryan. For other people named William Randolph Hearst, see, Rodney Carlisle, "The Foreign Policy Views of an Isolationist Press Lord: W. R. Hearst & the International Crisis, 193641", Rodney P. Carlisle, "William Randolph Hearst: A Fascist Reputation Reconsidered,", the 1904 Democratic nomination for president, "From the Archives: W. R. Hearst, 88, Dies in Beverly Hills", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Crucible of Empire: The SpanishAmerican War", "You Furnish the Legend, I'll Furnish the Quote", "William Randolph Hearst | American newspaper publisher", "Welsh journalist who exposed a Soviet tragedy", "Famine Exposure: Newspaper Articles relating to Gareth Jones' trips to The Soviet Union (193035)", "This Crusading Socialist Taught America's Workers to Fightin 1929", "1930s journalist Gareth Jones to have story retold", "The New York Times Statement About 1932 Pulitzer Prize Awarded to Walter Duranty", "Breaking Eggs for a Holodomor: Walter Duranty, the New York Times , and the Denigration of Gareth Jones", "The Politics of Famine: American Government and Press Response to the Ukrainian Famine, 1932-33", Toledo Blade: "Paul Block: Story of success" by Jack Lessenberry, "Historic Hearst Ranch A Step Back into the 1860s", "Monterey County Historical Society, Local History PagesOverview of Post-Hispanic Monterey County History", "The Crazy True Story Of William Randolph Hearst". [30] These factors weighed more on the president's mind than the melodramas in the New York Journal. After the disastrous financial losses of the 1930s, the Hearst Company returned to profitability during the Second World War, when advertising revenues skyrocketed. Hearst was from a wealthy, powerful family; her grandfather was the newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst. New York's elites read other papers, such as the Times and Sun, which were far more restrained. Hearst and Davies spent much of their time entertaining, and held a number of lavish parties attended by guests including Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks, Winston Churchill, and a young John F. Kennedy. [81] Hearst staunchly supported the Japanese-American internment during WWII and used his media power to demonize Japanese-Americans and to drum up support for the internment of Japanese-Americans. Poor fellow, let's take up a collection."[79]. He also bought most of Rancho San Simeon. [69][70], In 1916, the Eberhard and Kron Tanning Company of Santa Cruz purchased land from the homesteaders along the Little Sur River. Willson was a vaudeville performer in New York City whom Hearst admired, and they married in 1903. Several of the latter are still in circulation, including such periodicals as Cosmopolitan, Good Housekeeping, Town and Country, and Harper's Bazaar. After seeing photographs, in Country Life Magazine, of St. Donat's Castle in Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, Hearst bought and renovated it in 1925 as a gift to Davies. They harvested tanbark oak and brought the bark out on mules and crude wooden sleds known as "go-devils" to Notleys Landing at the mouth of Palo Colorado Canyon, where it was loaded via cable onto ships anchored offshore. [65] When Pastor obtained title from the Public Land Commission in 1875, Faxon Atherton immediately purchased the land. It is perhaps not so surprising to hear that the problem of "fake news" media outlets adopting sensationalism to the point of fantasy is nothing new. Family Wealth: Tens of billions. She lived her life on a satin pillow, Lake said fondly after his mothers death. She offered him to join them, but he was on his way out.[1]. Pulitzer countered by matching that price. John informed his fiance Violet that he had to leave. That same year, Hearsts mother, Phoebe, died, leaving him the familys fortune, which included a 168,000-acre ranch in San Simeon, California. [39], Hearst was on the left wing of the Progressive Movement, speaking on behalf of the working class (who bought his papers) and denouncing the rich and powerful (who disdained his editorials). More commonly known for his spectacular Hearst Castle estate that is set on a high mountaintop above the ocean near San Simeon, Calif., Hearst spent much of his later years in Los Angeles and, in . ", Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: William Randolph Hearst, Birth Year: 1863, Birth date: April 29, 1863, Birth State: California, Birth City: San Francisco, Birth Country: United States, Best Known For: William Randolph Hearst is best known for publishing the largest chain of American newspapers in the late 19th century, and particularly for sensational "yellow journalism. After moving to New York City, Hearst acquired the New York Journal and fought a bitter circulation war with Joseph Pulitzer's New York World. He was seen as generous, paid more than his competitors, and gave credit to his writers with page-one bylines. All told, the Hearst family is worth a collective $35 billion. In 1997 grandson W.R. Hearst II, now 58, filed suit in Los Angeles Superior Court against the William Randolph Hearst Family Trust, demanding that its financial records and decision making. You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [60] From about 1919, he lived openly with her in California. So was she. Patty Hearst, in full Patricia Campbell Hearst Shaw, (born February 20, 1954, Los Angeles, California, U.S.), an heiress of the William Randolph Hearst newspaper empire who was kidnapped in 1974 by leftist radicals called the Symbionese Liberation Army, whom she under duress joined in robbery and extortion. NEW YORK -- William Randolph Hearst, 85, son of the legendary newspaper magnate of the same name and winner of a Pulitzer Prize for international reporting in 1956, died May 14 at a New York . In 1924, Hearst opened the New York Daily Mirror, a racy tabloid frankly imitating the New York Daily News. According to The Uncrowned King: The Sensational Rise of William Randolph Hearst , Albert was deeply jealous of his more famous older brother Joseph, who had started the nationally esteemed New . [61], Millicent separated from Hearst in the mid-1920s after tiring of his longtime affair with Davies, but the couple remained legally married until Hearst's death. The Beverly House, a legendary Los Angeles estate once owned by newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, sold at an auction held on Tuesday. He enrolled in the Harvard College class of 1885. On September 9, 1948, Albert M. Lester of Carmel obtained a grant for the council of $20,000 from Hearst through the Hearst Foundation of New York City, offsetting the cost of the purchase.[72]. One of them, Grace Marguerite Hay Drummond-Hay, by that flight became the first woman to travel around the world by air.[35]. The stock market crash and subsequent economic depression hit the Hearst Corporation hard, especially the newspapers, which were not completely self-sustaining. At one point, to avoid outright bankruptcy, he had to accept a $1 million loan from Marion Davies, who sold all her jewelry, stocks and bonds to raise the cash for him. [80] They all followed their father into the media business, and Hearst's namesake, William Randolph, Jr., became a Pulitzer Prizewinning newspaper reporter. Gallery Photo by Kata Vermes. The former Beverly Hills mansion of newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst has gone up for sale for $125million. [4], Violet's dinner party with John and Hearst was interrupted by Joanna, who revealed to John that Sara was following Libby into Duster territory. If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. He attended Harvard. Another critic, Ferdinand Lundberg, extended the criticism in Imperial Hearst (1936), charging that Hearst papers accepted payments from abroad to slant the news. [6] The names "John Hearse" and "John Hearse Jr." appear on the council records of October 26, 1766, being credited with meriting 400 and 100 acres (1.62 and 0.40km2) of land on the Long Canes (in what became Abbeville District), based upon 100 acres (0.40km2) to heads of household and 50 acres (0.20km2) for each dependent of a Protestant immigrant. She is the daughter of Catherine Wood Campbell and Randolph Apperson Hearst. However, maintaining his media empire while also running for mayor of New York City and governor of New York left him little time to actually serve in Congress. The picture above is Arthur Lake and on the left is his wife, Patricia Van Cleve Lake (and an unidentified woman). Legally Hearst avoided bankruptcy, although the public generally saw it as such as appraisers went through the tapestries, paintings, furniture, silver, pottery, buildings, autographs, jewelry, and other collectibles. In 1941, young film director Orson Welles produced Citizen Kane, a thinly veiled biography of the rise and fall of Hearst. [68], On December 12, 1940, Hearst sold 158,000 acres (63,940ha), including the Rancho Milpitas, to the United States government. Alyson Feltes (writer); Clare Kilner (director); (July 26, 2020); ", Alyson Feltes (writer); David Caffrey (director); (August 2, 2020); ", Tom Smuts & Amy Berg (writers); David Caffrey (director); (August 9, 2020); ", Stuart Carolan & Karina Wolf (writers); David Caffrey (director); (August 9, 2020); ". We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! Hearst's mother took over the project, hired Julia Morgan to finish it as her home, and named it Hacienda del Pozo de Verona. However, some believe that Hearst also had a secret daughter, Patricia Lake, with Marion Davies. [63] Hearst sued, but ended up with only 1,340 acres (5.4km2) of Estrada's holdings. Millicent bore Hearst five sons, all of whom followed their father into the media business. He is survived by his twin sister, Phoebe Hearst Cooke of Woodside; wife Susan and her daughter, Jessica Gonzalves, and her two children; his three children, George R. Hearst III, Stephen T.. Louis Paulhan, a French aviator, took him for an air trip on his Farman biplane. The couple had five sons, but began to drift apart in the mid-1920s, when Millicent tired of her husband's longtime affair with . Hearst was born in San Francisco to George Hearst, a millionaire mining engineer, owner of gold and other mines through his corporation, and his much younger wife Phoebe Apperson Hearst, from a small town in Missouri. Kemble, Edward W. Townsend. From the Bradenstoke Priory, he also bought and removed the guest house, Prior's lodging, and great tithe barn; of these, some of the materials became the St. Donat's banqueting hall, complete with a sixteenth-century French chimney-piece and windows; also used were a fireplace dated to c. 1514 and a fourteenth-century roof, which became part of the Bradenstoke Hall, despite this use being questioned in Parliament. The most well-known story involved the imprisonment and escape of Cuban prisoner Evangelina Cisneros. What was for decades one of Hollywoods juiciest rumorsthe kind of scoop Walter Winchell and Hedda Hopper whispered about but never dared dishunceremoniously surfaced this month in a newspaper death notice three paragraphs long, Page 14, Column 6. [4] In 1934, after checking with Jewish leaders to ensure a visit would be to their benefit,[57] Hearst visited Berlin to interview Adolf Hitler. He furnished the mansion with art, antiques, and entire historic rooms purchased and brought from great houses in Europe. Hearst gifted John and Violet with the very first German-designer luxury motorcar. William Randolph Hearst, then 53 and owner of the influential New York American and New York Evening Journal newspapers, was already married to a former showgirl, Millicent, when he attended. He later expanded to magazines, creating the largest newspaper and magazine business in the world. According to a 21st-century historian, war was declared by Congress because public opinion was sickened by the bloodshed, and because leaders like McKinley realized that Spain had lost control of Cuba. In 1898, Hearst pushed for war with Spain to liberate Cuba, which the Democrats opposed. [79] This was short-lived, as she relinquished the 170,000 shares to the Corporation on October 30, 1951, retaining her original 30,000 shares and a role as an advisor. [79] Davies also managed to raise him another million as a loan from Washington Herald owner Cissy Patterson. "He is," President Teddy Roosevelt once wrote, "the most potent single influence for evil . California State Military Department, The California State Military Museum. The press critic A. J. Liebling reminds us how many of Hearst's stars would not have been deemed employable elsewhere. [62] Hearst continued to buy parcels whenever they became available. [66] In 1925, Hearst's Piedmont Land and Cattle Company bought Rancho Milpitas and Rancho Los Ojitos (Little Springs) from the James Brown Cattle Company. He and his empire were at their zenith. William Randolph Hearst was born in San Francisco in 1863 and passed his childhood years there in the rarified atmosphere of the affluent. After 1918 and the end of World War I, Hearst gradually began adopting more conservative views and started promoting an isolationist foreign policy to avoid any more entanglement in what he regarded as corrupt European affairs. Violet described how all her life it was as if the whole New York would whisper whenever she walked by. The trustee cut Hearst's annual salary to $500,000, and stopped the annual payment of $700,000 in dividends. Competition was fierce, with Hearst cutting the newspapers price to one cent. Our friend, Marty Robinson who sent us the picture, said that the photo was taken by vaudevillian and photographer George Mann at Manns apartment in Santa Monica in 1949. In 1865 he purchased about 30,000 acres (12,000ha), part of Rancho Piedra Blanca stretching from Simeon Bay and reached to Ragged Point. The William Randolph Hearst Archive has contributed 2,050 images to the Artstor Digital Library,* providing an intriguing perspective on the collecting passions of Hearst, the man best known to us as a newspaper baron, and notoriously immortalized on film as the unscrupulous "Citizen Kane." He received the best education that his multimillionaire father and his sophisticated schoolteacher mother (more than twenty years her husband's junior) could buyprivate tutors, private schools, grand tours of Europe, and Harvard College. [7], Violet stopped by the Journal to reveal to John that she's pregnant.[8]. He reached 20 million readers in the mid-1930s, but they included much of the working class which Roosevelt had attracted by three-to-one margins in the 1936 election. The dead childs birth certificate was altered and the baby, named Patricia, became the daughter of Rose and George Van Cleve. (God, I wish Errol Flynn was still alive, a thin and ailing Patricia said, sitting on a bar stool at a party just months before she died. In 1903, Hearst married Millicent Veronica Willson (18821974), a 21-year-old chorus girl, in New York City. Whatever the truth, Lake undeniably led a glamorous life at the center of one of Hollywoods most enduring rumors, at a time when the star system flourished, the incomes were fabulous and the lifestyles opulent and uninhibited. She stared back at himthe father of five sons shacked up with a movie starand asked: What about you? Hearst, in this canard, is said to have responded, "Please remain. His flamboyant methods of yellow journalism influenced the nation's popular media by emphasizing sensationalism and human interest stories. In the new David Fincher movie on Netflix, Mank, newspaper baron William Randolph Hearst (Charles Dance) is a key character.His actions in helping to defeat Upton Sinclair in his 1934 race for governor of California helps inspire Herman Mankiewicz (Gary Oldman) to write the screenplay for Citizen Kane and base the title character on Hearst. Violet assured her godfather, Hearst that John would be joining them for dinner. [82], Some media outlets have attempted to bring attention to Hearst's involvement in the prohibition of cannabis in America. [54] Duranty, who was widely credited with facilitating the rapprochement with Moscow, dismissed the Hearst-circulated reports of man-made starvation as a politically motivated "scare story". The Alienist Wiki is a FANDOM Movies Community. William Randolph Hearst is best known for publishing the largest chain of American newspapers in the late 19th century, and particularly for sensational "yellow journalism. More and more often, Hearst newspapers supported business over organized labor and condemned higher income tax legislation. William Randolph Hearst Sr. ran the New York Journal as a Murdoch-esque tabloid, though not the kind that would auction off a dead woman's hair. The siblings are the granddaughters of William Randolph Hearst, the publishing titan who made his fortune from mining and. While he was an only child of a wealthy. All the proof Lake had to offer were countless stories and a suspiciously familiar nose and long face. She is well known all over the world because of her kidnapping in 1974 by the Symbionese Liberation Army, or SLA and the events that followed after it. A founder of "yellow journalism," he was praised for his success and vilified by his enemies. However, as was common with claims before the Public Land Commission, Estrada's legal claim was costly and took many years to resolve. The Morning Journal's daily circulation routinely climbed above the 1 million mark after the sinking of the Maine and U.S. entry into the SpanishAmerican War, a war that some called The Journal's War, due to the paper's immense influence in provoking American outrage against Spain. Mr. Hearst lived in New York with his wife, Veronica de Uribe. Over the next several decades, Hearst spent millions of dollars expanding the property, building a Baroque-style castle, filling it with European artwork, and surrounding it with exotic animals and plants. Hearst had lots of reasons to help. By 1897, Hearsts two New York papers had bested Pulitzer, with a combined circulation of 1.5 million. By his amended will, Marion Davies inherited 170,000 shares in the Hearst Corporation, which, combined with a trust fund of 30,000 shares that Hearst had established for her in 1950, gave her a controlling interest in the corporation. Hearst had to shut down the film company and several of his publications. Shortly before his death, he had to endure several cerebral vascular accidents. You must keep your mind on the objective, not the obstacle. Company: Hearst. [24][28], While Hearst and the yellow press did not directly cause America's war with Spain, they inflamed public opinion in New York City to a fever pitch. He was interred in the Hearst family mausoleum at the Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, California, which his parents had established. [15], While Hearst's many critics attribute the Journal's incredible success to cheap sensationalism, Kenneth Whyte noted in The Uncrowned King: The Sensational Rise Of William Randolph Hearst: "Rather than racing to the bottom, he [Hearst] drove the Journal and the penny press upmarket. Welles refused, and the film survived and thrived. Advertisement. After professing his love for Sara in the finale, John is now engaged to society beauty Violet Hayward (Emily Barber), the illegitimate daughter of newspaper magnate William Randolph. He strove to win the circulation wars by employing the same brand of journalism he had at the Examiner. Hearst's use of yellow journalism techniques in his New York Journal to whip up popular support for U.S. military adventurism in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines in 1898 was also criticized in Upton Sinclair's 1919 book, The Brass Check: A Study of American Journalism. His antics had ranged from sponsoring massive beer parties in Harvard Square to sending pudding pots used as chamber pots to his professors (their images were depicted within the bowls).[8]. [9] Giving his paper the motto "Monarch of the Dailies", Hearst acquired the most advanced equipment and the most prominent writers of the time, including Ambrose Bierce, Mark Twain, Jack London, and political cartoonist Homer Davenport. Within a few years, his paper dominated the San Francisco market.